“On Being Sane in Insane Places” Essay

It was very interesting to read about Rosenhan’s study and how psychiatrists, who go through big coursework and training, could wrongly classify a patient. It surprised me how some psychiatrists couldn’t say they don’t know what’s wrong with patients instead they could possibly diagnose someone as insane. Though reading this chapter I found the strange things from Rosenhan’s study that was hard to believe. Slater states, â€Å"The strange thing was, the other patients seemed to know Rosenhan was normal, even while the doctors did not.† (69). I believe patients can know that better than doctors because they are in that situation already and some doctors don’t analyze their patients carefully to know what’s actually happening with them. For example, if someone studies about one culture doesn’t mean that person knows way better that person who actually lives with that culture. Both chapters I found interesting because it relates to my life very well. I found out Elliot Aronson, Darley and Latane all kind of try to show that people needs to find reason for their actions. I believe each person as a human have to help everyone no matter what. Darley and Latane’s mention is about how to help someone in an emergency that relates with Catherine Genovse murder. Slater says, â€Å"You must interpret the event as one in which help is needed† (95). We read about Catherine’s murder and saw that after she had asked for help, someone yelled, leave that girl alone, instead of helping, and the only thing that happened was that the killer ran away (95). I agree with Darley and Latane’s that we need to know which help is needed and what help is not. The person may have helped with getting the killer away, but Catherine needed the help the most, so she wouldn’t die. I been in so many situations that someone needed my help and I helped as much as I could, but knowing what helped was needed help me a lot. Leon Festinger talked about how people really pay attention to what is going on in their life and around them. I think some people just pay attention to what they want. Its true most of the people like to listen to people who agree with them and ignore who doesn’t. The chapter also discussed how people can believe in something they can’t prove such as God working through  a person. I think even for believing a god it has many prove to make a person to believe it. I believe for believing on something need to have something as prove. This section is a really great one however I didn’t prefer how the experiments were described. I additionally didn’t’ prefer the experiments and there result. Harlow was a fascinating man and I preferred how the author discusses the experimenter and how they grew up on the grounds that it permits me to understand their conclusions about their examinations and why they are imperative to them. I thought it was interesting that the monkeys adored the cover yet when they were displayed a face they might be scared and yell or cry about it. What I establish fascinating was that when they were babies they existed like a typical life however when they got older they went insane. A percentage of the monkeys were introducing a mental imbalance, gnawing them, and one of the monkeys bit off his hands. This discovering was entertaining since Harlow was supporting the surrogate moms and this wound up going terrible for him. I wish the author might stick more to the investigations and less to her editorializing. I can’t agree with what Zola-Morgan does say â€Å"our human lives are intrinsically more valuable; monkey studies yield information that helps those lives† (153). Of course humans are more valuable than the monkeys, but still monkeys are animals and I think it’s so cruel to hurts them only because to do the experiment. If that kind of research saved the life of loved then I will be okay with that. I still feel awful with doing that type of experiment on poor animals that didn’t do nothing wrong.   This is another important finding because it just shows that psychiatrists may not have any idea about what they are doing, but no one questions them because of their authority. Of course after whom goes through big coursework and training, don’t expect someone to tell them they are wrong but from Rosenhan’s study they may be wrong too.

Baidu SWOT analysis Essay

Baidu, Inc. (BIDU) – Financial and Strategic SWOT Analysis Review provides you an in-depth strategic SWOT analysis of the company’s businesses and operations. The profile has been compiled by GlobalData to bring to you a clear and an unbiased view of the company’s key strengths and weaknesses and the potential opportunities and threats. The profile helps you formulate strategies that augment your business by enabling you to understand your partners, customers and competitors better. The profile contains critical company information including: – Business description – A detailed description of the company’s operations and business divisions. – Corporate strategy – Analyst’s summarization of the company’s business strategy. – SWOT Analysis – A detailed analysis of the company’s strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. – Company history – Progression of key events associated w ith the company. – Major products and services – A list of major products, services and brands of the company. – Key competitors – A list of key competitors to the company. – Key employees – A list of the key executives of the company. – Executive biographies – A brief summary of the executives’ employment history. – Key operational heads – A list of personnel heading key departments/functions. – Important locations and subsidiaries – A list and contact details of key locations and subsidiaries of the company. – Detailed financial ratios for the past five years – The latest financial ratios derived from the annual financial statements published by the company with 5 years history. – Interim ratios for the last five interim periods – The latest financial ratios derived from the quarterly/semiannual financial statements published by the company for 5 interims history. Highlights Baidu, Inc. (Baidu), formerly Baidu.com, Inc., is a Chinese-language Internet search provider. It offers Chinese -language search engine, and focuses on  online marketing operations. The company also offers Baidu Union, a network of third-party websites and software applications. Baidu designs and delivers online marketing services to its P4P customer base, which demands Baidu’s customized online marketing solutions. The company offers its products and services through a network of computers running on customized software developed in-house. The company’s technology list includes Web Search Technology, P4P Technology, Targetizement Technology and Large-Scale Systems Technology. Baidu, Inc. Key Recent Developments Jul 26, 2012: Baidu-I2R Research Centre Officially Opens In Singapore Key benefits of buying this profile include: You get detailed information about the company and its operations to identify potential customers and suppliers. – The profile analyzes the company’s business structure, operations, major products and services, prospects, locations and subsidiaries, key executives and their biographies and key competitors. Understand and respond to your competitors’ business structure and strategies, and capitalize on their weaknesses. Stay up to date on the major developments affecting the company. – The company’s core strengths and weaknesses and areas of development or decline are analyzed and presented in the profile objectively. Recent developments in the company covered in the profile help you track important events. Equip yourself with information that enables you to sharpen your strategies and transform your operations profitably. – Opportunities that the company can explore and exploit are sized up and its growth potential assessed in the profile. Competitive and/or technological threats are highlighted. Scout for potential investments and acquisition targets, with detailed insight into the companies’ strategic, financial and operational performance. – Financial ratio presented for major public companies in the profile include the revenue trends, profitability, growth, margins and returns, liquidity and leverage, financial position and efficiency ratios. Gain key insights into the company for academic or business research. – Key elements such as  SWOT analysis, corporate strategy and financial ratios and charts are incorporated in the profile to assist your academic or business research needs. Note: Some sections may be missing if data is unavailable for the company

A Village Singer

â€Å"A village singer† portrays the internal conflict, the bitterness and responses of Candace when she was dismissed from the choir that served for forty years. The story partially points out the social norm that set down for women. In this community, women are not considered equal and have the same feelings as men which represent through Reverend Pollard and Williams Emmons. Williams Emmons is three years older than Candace, but he still holds his choir leader position. If they complain that her voice has worsened, Williams's voice logically must have the same situation as her. However, Emmons is not dismissed and remain his choirmaster position. The minister just like Candace also serves at the church for forty years. He hesitates of his speech and could not keep the freshness for his sermons. He still can stay in the church and continue his duties since nobody asks him to leave his position and gives him a photograph album. Candace indicates that all of them have the same position in the church and change according to age, but the congregation chooses to dismiss her as she is a woman. Candace's bitterness, pain, and conflict become more intense due to the betrayal of people around her. A betrayal of Emmons who had sung duets and had walked Candace home after rehearsals in Saturday night when he said â€Å"a most outrageous proceeding† for Candace action. He critics her voice with Alma and supports the dismissal. Even Candace's nephew, Wilson Ford, threats to throw her organ out of the window if she continues to disturb Alma's solo. He does not express any sympathy or even gently discuss her grief. She also feels hurt and betrayed by members of the choir since they celebrate a surprise party for her and leave a photograph album with the letter informing her dismissal from the choir. However, the way that Candace responses and against to conflict is full of anger, foolishness, disregard, and arrogance. She says that the member of the church pretends to be a Christian; however, she also goes against what the church teaches. She uses photograph album as a footstool, disturbs Alma's solo, refuses to pray â€Å"‘I don't see any use prayin' about it,' said she. ‘I don't think the Lord's got much to do with it, anyhow'† and challenge other people to stop her † I'd like to see anybody stop me.† Besides that, the story carries the message of kindness and forgiveness. At the end of the story, Candace forgives to all people who have wronged her and also ask for the forgiveness from those people. She apologizes to the minister, reconciles with Alma, and forgive Wilson.

World History. The Mandate for Palestine is an historical League of Essay

World History. The Mandate for Palestine is an historical League of Nations - Essay Example It should be noted that the Mandate for Palestine was carried on by the United Nations after the League of Nations was dissolved. The precursor for the Mandate for Palestine was the speech by President Woodrow Wilson in January 8 1918. The speech on the fourteen points clearly outlined the issues that needed to be handled so that the war could end. The fifth point in Woodrow’s speech states that: A free, open ­ minded and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations concerned must have equal weight with the equitable claims of the government whose title is to be determined (Woodrow, 1) This was meant to ensure that all colonial claims were sorted out and each country granted its sovereignty. President Woodrow believed that all the people in the world were partners of interest and justice had to be done to all. He believed that worl d peace could only be attained if the colonial claims were to be settled in a conclusive and impartial manner. In my opinion, the articles of the Mandate of Palestine did not effectively meet the fifth point of Woodrow Wilson Fourteen Points. A critical evaluation of the Mandate of Palestine indicates that the interests of Israel were given a higher priority than those of the Palestine people. Woodrow’s fifth point states that the demarcation of colonial boundaries was to be done in a free, open minded and impartial manner. Yet, Article 2 of the Mandate for Palestine states that â€Å"The Mandatory shall be responsible for placing the country under such political, administrative and economic conditions as will secure the establishment of the Jewish national home†. This implies that the establishment of the Jewish State was to be given a high priority. It would have been appropriate for the Mandate of Palestine to begin with an objective evaluating the Middle East issue with an open mind without having any bias towards the settling of the Israelites (Michale, 104). Also, the entire list of articles that make up the Mandate for Palestine does not mention the name â€Å"Arab†. This is a remarkable level of bias given the fact that the Arabs were already occupying parts of Palestine. The Mandate hence fell short of the impartiality threshold of recognizing all the affected parties in the dispute as equals. Essentially, the Mandate considered the Arab interests as secondary to those of the Jews. Woodrow’s fifth point envisioned that all the interests of the populations had to have equal weight and equitable claims of the government in question. Yet, it is apparent that the Arabs were given a raw deal. The twelfth point of Woodrow Wilson Fourteen Points states that: The Turkish portions of the present Ottoman Empire should be assured a secure sovereignty, but the other nationalities which are now under Turkish rule should be assured an un doubted security of life and an absolutely unmolested opportunity of an autonomous development, and the Dardanelles should be permanently opened as a free passage to the ships and commerce of all nations under international guarantees. Woodrow envisioned that the Ottoman Empire which the Turks presided over should be split and administrative units formed according to the will of the people. In essence, it was clear that the different peoples of the Ottoman Empire had a right to self-determination which would only be guaranteed by giving them freedom. Although the Ottoman Empire was eventually split, the twelfth point was never achieved full. The main beneficiaries of the breakup of the Ottoman Em

Personal Development Action Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal Development Action Plan - Essay Example I am confident that I have improved a lot in many aspects of learning although I must admit there are still many things I need to learn and even unlearn. In this evaluation paper, I will discuss what I have learned so far and what skills I have acquired and developed throughout my one year stay in the university. I will specifically reflect on my communication, analysis, social skills, how improved my learning and performance as well as examine my technical skills development. In any profession, communication is always a valuable tool. As an international student, this is my greatest struggle because my English communication skill is poor. Class discussions are in English so I have difficulty grasping the lessons. Consequently, I have to give extra effort to listen intently and put more hours reading so I can cope with the lessons. In addition, I cannot express myself well in English so that my self-confidence is affected. Nevertheless, I realized that I needed to force myself to improve so I watched a lot of English movies and programs which helped me with my comprehension. Therefore, I could still say that I have improved a lot. Comparing my performances during the start of the school year, I am now more able to understand native speakers and to communicate well using the English language. My vocabulary has greatly improved and so has my grammar. Another important aspect of learning wherein communication is greatly valuable is analysis. This task is not just about understanding images, symbols and numbers and solving problems but basically, it is understanding the issue or problem in order to offer the best solution. Therefore, communication skill is essential. As my English comprehension developed, I also became better in analyzing data. For instance, in my Engineering Analysis class, I learned how to create concrete mixture and computing the desired ration and proportion of materials needed for certain buildings. I also learned to calculate

Aircraft Electrical Power Generation and Distribution Coursework

Aircraft Electrical Power Generation and Distribution - Coursework Example This magnetism in turn induces voltage into an armature which then carries electrical power to generator control unit (GCU). This power is rectified and conducted to exciter field winding. This then induces voltage into exciter output winding field. This output is rectified to DC and flows through the output field winding and it’s induced into the main output coils. A voltage regulator is incorporated to control the voltage generated by the system depending on the load and the engine speed. It consists of a Generator Control Unit that ensures that all the 3 phases produce equal voltages or the difference is within limits. It also has provision to ensure that the frequency is maintained within the desired limits. Over voltage (OV) - When the voltage at the point of reference (POR). Is above 125V, there is a faculty voltage regulator, and the generator control relay (GCR) is de-energized. Q2. Explain with an aid of a diagram how an integrated drive generator (IDE) works. The IDE has 2 main parts. i. A drive. ii. A brushless AC generator. The drive part makes sure that the generator operates at a fixed rpm, regardless of the engine rpm and generator load. The IDG input shaft drives the generator through a reduction gearing and a differential gear. When the generator operates at 12000 rpm the generator frequency is 400 Hz. When the input shaft increases or decreases the frequency of the generator increases or decreases too. This deviation from 400 Hz is detected in the GCU which supplies an electrical signal to a servo valve in the IDG drive part. This servo valve in turn controls through a control cylinder a hydraulic unit which starts to operate in an anti/clockwise direction. Since the hydraulic unit is connected to another input of the differential gear, the generator rpm increase or decrease is less than the rpm fluctuation on the input shaft. As a result, the generator frequency stays approximately constant. The hydraulic unit operates on 240 up to 280 psi. This charge pressure is made by a charge pump and charge relief valve; the charge oil is also used to cool the generator. The oil flow is between 34 and 53 liters. Drain oil from the generator and sump is supplied through a scavenge filter to an external oil cooler by three pumps , which are driven by the accessory drive gear on the differential gear These pumps are generator scavenge pump, sump scavenge and inversion scavenge pump. The accessory drive gear also drives the de-aerator and charge pump. The return oil from the cooler passes the de-aerator and it goes back to the charge pump. Q3. Explain how a transformer rectifier (TRU) works. The TRU as the name suggests is both a transformer and a rectifier. The transformer steps down 12000 V to 28 V while the rectifier converts the 400Hz AC power to DC. The 3 phase AC is routed to the primary side of the transformer and is in connected in star order. Two secondary sides are at the transformer. SEC 1 is in star order while SEC 2 is in delta order. The output of the secondary side is rectified by full wave rectifier circuits. The purpose of the two different secondary sides with separate rectification is to have less ripple of the rectified 28V DC power output. If the temperature of the rectifiers is over a certain limit, overheat switches providing signals to the monitor circuit in the TRU causes the TRU

Distance Education (online education) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Distance Education (online education) - Essay Example However, it is to be born in mind that many of the distance learning systems also follow the semester system or quarter terms in terms of their academic schedule and the learners are asked to submit assignments and projects via Web or e-mail. Most of the online courses are either instructor-led or instructor-facilitated courses. Similarly, the online education system offers opportunity for the learners to receive timely instructions, clarifications and guidance from the instructors via internet. In the same way, the distance education emphasise that education is a continuous life long process and even learners who are unable to attend regular schooling or on-campus programs can achieve various degrees at the Associate, Bachelors, Masters and Doctorate levels. This paper seeks to explore the various aspects of distance education and in doing so the paper also deals with the major advantages and disadvantages of distance education (online education). The success or failure of distance education depends on various components. As Helm & Helm point out, â€Å"the electronic mail (e-mail), scheduled internet relay chat, and the World Wide Web are considered internet based components to online distance learning courses† (Helm & Helm 2) and therefore it is imperative that aspirants who wish to join online courses should have the necessary infrastructure for the same. Similarly, knowledge of the technology and essential computer skills are the two necessary prerequisites for online education and as Johnson and Manning point out, online education benefits the learner the most as one can plan one’s own schedule, save time and money, can complete many courses sooner than the regular stream, and can get rid of all sorts of pettiness and bias that prevail in traditional classes (Johnson, & Manning 12). Convenience and flexibility are the two factors that attract many learners towards distance or online

Leadership Styles and Traits Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leadership Styles and Traits - Term Paper Example This term paper discusses the various leadership qualities and styles of leaders that not only enhance the organizational performance but also create a motivated workforce. The four major styles of leadership were discussed in the term paper: situational leadership; transformational leadership; participative leadership; and charismatic leadership. The researcher states that these leadership styles not only judiciously exploit the competencies of the followers but also ensure that they are equipped with necessary knowledge to meet the challenges of time. Kouzes and Posner have asserted that four major traits of leaders vis-Ã  -vis honesty; forward looking; inspiring; and competency are critical paradigms of leaders that cut across gender, race, culture and nationality. These qualities hugely help the leaders to gain the trust of the followers who willingly follow them. The researcher concludes that effective leadership is highly stimulating and encourages an ongoing learning process within and outside the precincts of organization goals and objectives. Good leaders use self example to promote trust and mutual respect which has become a crucial issue today. The leaders promote cross cultural understanding and are able to exploit their competencies for the welfare of the organization. The leadership that learns through experience becomes the enabling factor of organization and provides it with competitive advantage. Hence, leadership initiatives have become extremely relevant part of organizational success.

Critically Evaluating Quantitative Research Assignment

Critically Evaluating Quantitative Research - Assignment Example The use of the terms â€Å"quantitative† and â€Å"qualitative† in categorizing variables should not be mistaken with the use of these same terms to describe research approaches. The quantitative and qualitative variables described below both occur within quantitative research; qualitative research takes into account no such variables because it deals with explanation and interpretation of phenomena and do not categorize information in the form of variables (Hopkins, 2008; Hunter & Leahey, 2008; UNESCO, 2011). Quantitative or continuous variables may be classified as interval-scale, continuous ordinal, or ratio-scale. Interval-scale variables have order and equal intervals, are linear, and may assume positive or negative values. Continuous-ordinal variables may or may not be linear (i.e., it may be exponential, logarithmic or other monotonic transformation); they therefore lose their interval-scale property, and the observations are therefore best expressed by their ran ks which is the only certain parameter. Ratio-scale variables are continuous positive measurements on a nonlinear scale, such as the growth of bacterial population; in such a case, the population grows or multiplies at a ratio, for equal time intervals (UNESCO, 2011). Qualitative or discrete variables are also known as categorical values. ... The process of measurement may involve different procedures, depending upon the thing being measured (Gay, 1996). Variables in the physical sciences or areas of inquiry are usually measured according to a deterministic or positivist manner; this means that the measurements obtained are detectable and verifiable by the five senses, so they are more or less objective (Kincheloe, 1998; Colwell, 2006; Palmo, Weikel & Borsos, 2006; Hammersley & Atkinson, 2007) . On the other hand, measurements of variables that have a bearing in the social sciences are usually probabilistic in nature, which means that the actual measure may only be conjectured at with a certain degree of accuracy that is less than 100 per cent, and therefore prone to some subjectivity in the determination. An example of this is psychometrics, the field of study that measures the social and psychological attributes pertaining to certain phenomena (Rust & Golombok, 1999; Rao & Sinharay, 2007; Furr & Bacharach, 2008). Since the attributes measured are essentially internal processes that occur in the mind, they may be observed only from their external manifestations, or what are thought to be such, and from thence rendered into measurable quantities qualified by probability. Measurement is therefore indirect rather than direct (Kincheloe, 1998; Colwell, 2006). For directly observable things, measurement is straightforward, needing only physical counting or the use of such measuring tools as gauges, scales or meters. For those quantities that may not be directly measured, there are different approaches. One is the use of proxies (e.g. stand-ins); these are manifestations other than the variable being actually measured, that are

Comparative Data in Healthcare Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comparative Data in Healthcare - Term Paper Example The use of such information can help healthcare funders as well as practitioners identify problem areas in clinical performance and enhance quality improvement strategies (Powell, Davies, & Thomson, 2003). On the other hand, patient benefit by having the capacity to make informed choices of a care provider based quality standards and competitive costs (Davies, & Marshall, 1999). There are several ways in which comparative data is useful in improving quality and performance in health care organizations (Powell, Davies, & Thomson, 2003). Comparative data is efficient in pointing out problems related to clinical performance. Even though, outcome of quality of care given to a patient is easily measured as a whole, analyzing performance data of an individual practitioner can shade some the light. Quality of clinical performance can also be measured using comparative data across departments of different hospitals. For instance survival or a recovery rate of patients admitted to cardiac and orthopaedic surgery across different hospitals can be compared to rate clinical performance (Goodroe, 2010). Comparative data is also useful in informing and driving quality improvement activities in a healthcare organization (Powell, Davies, & Thomson, 2003). Such data provides useful and specific information on quality improvement strategies used by best performing institutions. Even though quality improvement is a standard goal for all healthcare institution. (Davies, & Marshall, 1999)

Organizational and management styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Organizational and management styles - Essay Example It would be important to consider the various factors that determine the levels of efficiency in the management of educational institutions with particular reference to the mentioned universities. The theoretical framework of this study will anchor on various theories of organizational management. The theories shall be considered in terms of how they affect matters of policy and practice of management in the identified institutions. Case reviews on matters of educational management have revealed changing trends in leadership and management across the globe (Bush, 2010, p. 45). There is evidence of a determined shift from the traditional systems of leadership and management, which were more rigid to the current ones that seem to be more flexible. The traditional systems mainly involved a vertical structure where the leadership was at the top and made important policy and administrative decisions that affected the operations at all levels of the universities administration (Bush, 2010) . Educational institutions that adopted exclusivist policies of leadership favored this system. The current systems have evolved to embrace horizontal structures of leadership, in which policy matters and decision-making are handled at multiple points of the organization’s structure (McCaffery, 2010). Such developed kinds of leadership and management entail some aspect of devolution in which power is distributed evenly across various academic institutions. Both systems have important strengths and weaknesses. The increasing clamor for liberties and the advocacy for rights of the minorities have had significant impact on the levels and nature of leadership in American universities (Bush & Coleman, 2000). Gender and ethnicity are some of the factors that have been brought within the umbrella of the management and leadership structures of American universities (McCaffery, 2010). Such leadership styles have impacted positively on the nature of leadership by embracing certain qual ities that are essentially aimed towards responding to the call for harmony in the processes of leadership. Proper management techniques require constant attention to the interests of stakeholders in ways that multiply the importance of normal discourse (McCaffery, 2010). One of the advantages of the top-down leadership structures and management style includes quick decision-making processes (Morrison, Briggs & Coleman, 2012). The leaders make decisions without much consultation, which saves time and affects positively on the speed and efficiency of processes. In some cases, such styles of management feature less bureaucratic challenges since fewer people and fewer processes are involved in the decision-making processes. On the other hand, the same systems are notable for lack of motivation in the lower cadres of management because other people in the organization are not involved in making important decisions within the organization (Walker & Dimmock, 2005). According to theorists of educational leadership and ma

Freud vs Rogers Essay Example for Free

Freud vs Rogers Essay Freud’s theory of psychopathology begins with an analysis of the development of a person. Part of Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis looks at the growth and development of erogenous zones or parts of the body that are the sources of tension or excitation. These erogenous zones include the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and gential stages. Freud believed that at any of these developmental stages a person could deal with a failure in the instinct development or a fixation. Fixation occurs if an individual has a fear of going to the next stage because they receive too little or too much fulfillment in their current stage. Moreover, there are three different personality styles that may come about due to a fixation. In oral personality, a fixation at the oral stage causes a person to be narcissistic and only interested in themselves. The anal personality shows a tendency to show orderliness and cleanliness. Finally the phallic personality has men attempting to reach masculinity complex and women to be exhibitionistic and flirtatious. Consequently, a phenomenon associated with fixation is regression which is an individuals desire to regress back to an earlier point of development. Stress is an optimal condition that triggers regression. On the other hand, Rogers had a different way of understanding what the causes psychopathology. Rogers believed in the self-actualizing tendency which is a move towards completion or fulfillment of potentials. He understood this to be a primary motivating drive to reach one’s full potential and come to realize actual self. He believed that incongruence between the real self, the self â€Å"I† believe to be and the ideal self, the self â€Å"I† want to be, differ significantly. This lack of balance causes anxiety.

The Garden City Movement: Development and Impacts

The Garden City Movement: Development and Impacts THE GARDEN CITY MOVEMENT The Garden City Movement was invented by Sir Ebenezer Howard (1850-1928) (Couch, 2014). It was first described in his book Garden Cities of To-morrow, published in 1902 (Ebenezer Howard, 2014). The Garden City Model introduced the application of some basic planning principles which are still in use today. It consists of self-sufficient communities surrounded by greenbelts with planned proportionate areas in agriculture, housing, commerce and industry (Audiopedia, 2014). This essay discusses the creation and development of the theoretical and planning principles of the Garden City Model and its success in solving economic and social problems of densely populated cities in UK. It also discusses the modification of these principles and their applications in modern planning theories. The search for an ideal city was due to the intense industrialization and resulting urbanization of major UK cities about the late 19th century. There were many social, economic and commercial activities in large cities, thereby causing high levels of migration from less developed regions in the UK towards these cities. This excessive immigration resulted in issues like; overpopulation, housing shortage, high rents, air pollution, urban slums and lack of sunlight and open spaces (Howard, 1902). According to (Fishman, 1982), Howard perceived the economy to be corrupt, inhumane, inefficient and unhealthy(see Fig 1,2). Fig. 1 Hine (1912) Fig. 2 Industrial Cities (n.d.) Analyzing the issues developed by the rapid urbanization, Howard noticed a contrasting phenomenon in the  countryside. The countryside suffered from; depopulation, lack of amusement, lack of society, capital and labour. The town had all that the country was lacking and vice-versa. Howard then sort to combine the best aspects of  the town and the country in formation of the garden city (Ebenezer Howard, 2014). Fig. 3 The Three Magnets. (1902) Redefining the town and countryside as magnets, the people as needles, and man’s socio-economic desires  as attraction, Howard realized the theory of The Three Magnets, introducing the third alternative; the Town-Country Magnet (Howard, 1902).The Town- Country offers; high wages, social opportunities, and places of amusements, healthy living conditions, low rents, and large parks (Howard, 1902). Howard believed that the Town-Country would enhance the enjoyment of human society and the beauty of nature simultaneously (Fishman, 1982). In order to achieve the socio-economic aspects of the Town-Country, the ideal city would run by communal land ownership, whereby, the rent would be the main source of revenue, employed by municipality(governing body) in the creation and maintenance of public amenities, old age pensions, and accident insurance (Howard, 1902). The Garden City was to be built from scratch on agricultural land, which had low ecological value, thereby increasing the value of the land, so that it could generate significant revenue through rent for municipality (Howard, 1902). Fig. 4 Garden-City. (1902). Fig. 5 Ward and Centre Garden-City. (1902). The spatial plan of a sector of the city Although the Garden City Model is very descriptive, it is not a morphological but rather socio-economic illustration of principles (Butcher, 2010). Planned in a concentric pattern, with six radial boulevards, on a site of 6000 acres, the Garden City would have a population of 32,000 people (Audiopedia, 2014). In the centre of the city lies a public garden, surrounded by the public buildings which includes; hospital, library, museum, picture-gallery, town hall, concert hall and theatre (John, 2014). The succeeding space is the central park for recreational activities. These large parks are more of country features, but they perform much better in the town-country because of the increment in population. Beyond the central park is the crystal palace a circular glass arcade, for commercial activities (John, 2014). Placement of the crystal palace beside the central park shows Howard’s intentions of connecting human activities with nature. Before the invention of Howard’s pri nciples, commercial zones in the cities rarely had parks and open spaces, because of the high value of land. It is now a common planning practice today to have open spaces in commercial areas. Beyond the crystal palace are houses with tree lined streets, additional parks occupied by public schools, playgrounds and churches (John, 2014). On the outskirts of the city are industries with direct access to the railway, saving cost of packaging and cartage and transportation of goods from the train to and fro factories (John, 2014). The rest of town beyond the railway is utilized as agricultural land held by various individuals and organizations and also providing alternative farm job opportunities to the working class without separating them from the city (Howard, 1902). This agricultural land also serves as a barrier to urban sprawl, as it cannot be built on. As shown in Figure 6, the use of green belts to control urban sprawl is still evident in UK cities today. Fig. 7 Group of Slumless Smokeless Cities. (1902). Considering the fact that town country community is bound to reach its population capacity due to its socio-economic advantages, Howard envisioned as series of garden cities, separated by green belts and connected by roads and railways, with the central city having a population of 58000 (see Fig.7). The introduction of these series also controls the excessive migration to cities with more attractions. Fig. 8Letchworth-1925 Poster. (n.d.) Fig. 9 Original plan of first Garden City, Letchworth 1904. (n.d.) Howards Garden city model was directly experimented on two towns; Letchworth and Welwyn Garden City. Letchworth was the first Garden City ever built (Ebenezer Howard, 2014). It lies on a train line, 35 miles from London, located in Herdfordshire, England, and it covers an area of 5,500 acres, which used to serve as agricultural land with little or no value (Ebenezer Howard, 2014). Although Letchworth was not designed in a regular concentric pattern, it follows the zoning principles of the Garden City Model. In other to build Letchworth, Howard needed funding, but he did not get any financial support from the government. I suppose it was because the development of his ideal city had no positive effect on the pre-existing cities, which have been invested heavily upon. The idea of destroying or ignoring pre-existing cities to rebuilt perfect ones was also the basis of many other revolutionists in solving the industrial crisis. This approach displays the lack of consideration of the fina ncial requirements in the realization of ideal cities. According to Audiopedia (2014), Howard got financial support only from private investors who were concerned with their personal profits, rather than the communal growth of Letchworth City. As a result, Howard forwent the idea of communal land ownership with no landlords (Audiopedia, 2014). Fig. 9 Aerial photo of Letchworth Garden City (n.d.) Fig. 10 Howard Park (n.d.) Fig. 11 Broadway Gardens (n.d.) Letchworth was environmentally successful, with lots of open spaces and public parks healthy living conditions and beautiful tree-lined streets, most of which remain today (Letchworth Garden City Heritage Foundation, 2014). The city attracted firms because of the cheap rent and surplus space, resulting from its earlier use as agricultural land. It also attracted residents, as the living conditions were favorable. Due to the fact that the implementation of communal land ownership was ignored, the rents were not cheap, they could only be afforded by skilled white collar workers (Audiopedia, 2014). Letchworth failed partially as an independent community because of the improved transportation system which made it easier to connect to London. Welwyn, the second Garden City, 20 miles from London, performed just as well as Letchworth, but it lacked public, commercial and industrial buildings, which caused it to depend heavily on London for socio-economic activities. Due to the physical success of Letchworth, the principles of the Garden city were applied to various developments worldwide and in most cases it has been misconceived as the development of suburbs. The New Towns Act 1946, implement by the government after World War II. was inspired by the Garden City Movement (Audiopedia, 2014). The Act, involved the designation of land for the development of garden suburbs in U.K (New Towns Act 1946, 2014). The development of ne towns meant the suburbanization of cities, which was the antithesis to Howard’s theory (Audiopedia, 2014). Despite it’s contradiction Howard thoery, the New towns succeeded in offering healthy living conditions, and maintaining the population density, but they were not economically independent. Fig. 12 Uxcester Garden City. (2014) Fig – new suburbs in blue, pre-existing city in grey. Recently, the Uxcester Garden City; an imaginary city, inspired by the Garden City Model, was announced the winner of the 2014 Wolfsons Economic prize (Sweet, 2014). It was initiated as a solution to the current U.K housing shortage crisis. It is a combination of the planning principles of the Garden City and the suburbanization scheme of the New Towns. Unlike, the Garden City, it is not built from scratch, but rather gradually incorporated into pre-existing cities. The scheme involves the development of residential communities on agricultural green belts, which are presently considered to have low ecological value (Sweet, 2014). Fig. 13 Uxcester Garden City. (2014). Organic representation of Uxcester. Each community is planned to have half it’s area designated to; forests, public parks and lakes (Sweet, 2014). These new residential communities would require reliable transportation systems, linking them to the city centre, which provides the most social activities. On the other hand, the new suburbs will revitalize the city centre by channeling new demand for what is on offer there (Sweet, 2014). Although the scheme involves suburbanization of cities, it observes the Garden City objectives, which includes the provision of healthy living conditions to ordinary people and socio-economic independence. The Garden City Model inspired the New Towns Act and Uxcester Garden City. It has had a major effect on town planning, which has a direct effect on human behavior. Howard’s principles have recently been adopted in the development of Uxcester Garden City scheme for solving housing shortage problem U.K is facing today. Although the effect Uxcester will have on U.K. housing has not been decided, I think the further development of suburbs would either increase the lack of job opportunities or increase the volume of commercial buildings in the city centre. It will then be up to architects to ensure healthy working conditions in these city centres. References Aerial photo of Letchworth Garden City. (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://www.letchworth.com/heritage-foundation/news-and-blog/media-enquiries [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Audiopedia . (2014).Garden city movement. [Online Video]. 13 November. Available from:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_MacpHZ-Bk. [Accessed: 03 January 2015]. Broadway Gardens. (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://www.letchworth.com/heritage-foundation/news-and-blog/media-enquiries [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Butcher, L., 2010. ARCHITECTURE + URBANISM. [ONLINE] Available at: http://architectureandurbanism.blogspot.co.uk/2010/10/ebenezer-howard-garden-cities-of-to.html [Accessed 03 01 2015]. Couch, A. (2014) Arch 221 Urban Studies Week 4 Lecture: Note taking skills from lectures and readings, Liverpool: School of Architecture. Fishman, R., 1982. Urban Utopias in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. Garden-City. (1902). [image] Available at: http://longstreet.typepad.com/thesciencebookstore/2008/09/history-of-the.html [Accessed 1 Jan. 2015]. Group of Slumless Smokeless Cities. (1902). [image] Available at: https://socialethicsoundideasandfreedom.files.wordpress.com/2012/05/garden-city.png [Accessed 3 Jan. 2015]. Hawkes, J. (n.d.).Houses, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire. [image] Available at: http://stock.jasonhawkes.com/media/8d181e48-3248-11e1-900f-1127b07b6f75-houses-welwyn-garden-city-hertfordshire [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Hine, L. (1912).New York: Tenements. [image] Available at: http://www.allposters.com/-sp/New-York-Tenements-1912-Posters_i8677584_.htm [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Howard, E., 1902. Garden Cities of To-morrow. [ONLINE] Second Edition ed. s.l.: Sonnenschein Co., Ltd. Available at: https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/h/howard/ebenezer/garden_cities_of_to-morrow/complete.html#chapter7. [Accessed 01 January 2015]. Howard Park. (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://www.letchworth.com/heritage-foundation/news-and-blog/media-enquiries [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Industrial Cities. (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://johnsonschneider.weebly.com/ [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. John W. Reps,. 2014.Garden Cities Of Tomorrow. [ONLINE] Available at: http://urbanplanning.library.cornell.edu/DOCS/howard.htm [Accessed 02 January 15]. Letchworth-1925 Poster. (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/11/11.001j/f01/lectureimages/6/image31.html [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. Letchworth Garden City Heritage Foundation, (2014).Letchworth Garden City. [online] Available at: http://www.letchworth.com/heritage-foundation/letchworth-garden-city/quick-facts [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. Louis de Soissons, Welwyn Garden City town plan. (1921). [image] Available at: http://cashewnut.me.uk/WGCbooks/web-WGC-books-1975-1.php [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Sdoutz, F. (2015).à ¢- ± GARDEN CITIES Howard, Unwin Parker, Lutyens, de Soissons Links. [online] ARCHITECTURETHEORY.NET. Available at: http://www.mediaarchitecture.at/architekturtheorie/garden_cities/2011_garden_cities_links_en.shtml [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. Lucey, N. (1973).The Effect of Sir Ebenezer Howard and the Garden City Movement on Twentieth Century Town Planning. 1st ed. [ebook] Hertfordshire: Norman Lucey. Available at: http://www.rickmansworthherts.freeserve.co.uk/howard1.htm#snd [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. New Towns Act 1946. (2014).Wikipedia. [online] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Towns_Act_1946oldid=621188191 [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Sdoutz, F. (2015).à ¢- ± GARDEN CITIES Howard, Unwin Parker, Lutyens, de Soissons Links. [online] ARCHITECTURETHEORY.NET. Available at: http://www.mediaarchitecture.at/architekturtheorie/garden_cities/2011_garden_cities_links_en.shtml [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. Sweet, R. (2014). Welcome to Uxcester, the imaginary city that has British planners in a flap. Global Construction Review. [online] Available at: http://www.globalconreview.com/sectors/welcome-uxcester-imaginary-city-has36392725british/ [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. The Three Magnets. (1902). [image] Available at: http://longstreet.typepad.com/thesciencebookstore/2008/09/history-of-the.html [Accessed 1 Jan. 2015]. U.K. Green Belts. (2014). [image] Available at: http://www.estatesgazette.com/blogs/london-residential-research/2014/02/green-belt-fit-21st-century/ [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Uxcester Garden City. (2014). [image] Available at: http://www.archdaily.com/545656/urbed-s-bold-proposal-to-reinvigorate-the-garden-city-movement/ [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Original plan of first Garden City, Letchworth 1904. (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://lunaprod.library.cornell.edu/images/RMC/Size4/RMC0129/RMC2011_0602.jpg?userid=10username=administratorresolution=4servertype=JVAcid=10iid=CORNELLvcid=NAusergroup=Facultyprofileid=2 [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. Ward and Centre Garden-City. (1902). [image] Available at: http://longstreet.typepad.com/thesciencebookstore/2008/09/history-of-the.html [Accessed 2 Jan. 2015]. Ebenezer Howard. (2014).Wikipedia. [online] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebenezer_Howard [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. Welwyn Garden City. (2014).Wikipedia. [online] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welwyn_Garden_City [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015].

Explain, in detail, the process of hearing in humans.

Explain, in detail, the process of hearing in humans. Explain, in detail, the process of hearing in humans. What factors can affect our hearing in terms of perception of loudness, pitch and direction? What part does psychoacoustics play in our perception of sound. Introduction The ear can be divided into three sections each performing a specific role to change sound particles into messages the brain can read. The three major parts of the ear are the outer, middle and inner ear. Simplistically it is somewhat like a mechanical process that changes an analogue signal into a digital message that your brain can understand. However, there are certain factors that can affect our hearing in terms of perception of loudness, pitch and direction. Psychoacoustics needs to be considered when looking at the process of hearing as it examines the relationship between sound and the effect it has upon the brain. Physical Description of the Ear The process of hearing utilises all three sections of the ear. The first section, the outer ear consists of the pinna, the auditory canal and the wax. The pinna is the main part of the ear that you can see, its role, to collect sound and direct it down the auditory canal towards the ear drum. The outside of your ear is perfectly designed to collect sound. This design helps to determine the sounds direction. Sounds waves bounce off the Pinna depending on from which direction they came from. The sound reflection from the Pinna alters the pattern of the sound wave which the brain is able to distinguish and determine where the sound came from. The auditory canal is the main pathway of sound, its role is to direct sound towards the eardrum, the canal is also where earwax is produced. The purpose of ear wax is to keep the ear canal clean by collecting dirt and debris. Once the sound wave has passed through the outer ear and has been directed down the auditory canal to the middle ear it hits the Tympanic Membrane (Ear Drum), this is a very tight thin piece of tissue which converts the sound wave into vibrations. The ear drum separates the outer ear with the ossicles, these are the three main bones in your ear. When the ear drum vibrates this causes the bones to move, the vibrations set the bones into motion passing the signal from one bone to the other. These tiny bones are called the Malleus (Hammer) directly connected to the ear drum, the Incus (Anvil) which is attached to the Malleus and finally the Stapes (Stirrup) which is attached to the Incus and is the smallest bone in the human body. The stapes is attached to the oval window, a membrane which is part of the cochlea and separates the middle ear from the inner ear. The inner ear is the most complex and detailed part, containing the main sensory organ called the cochlea. Its role is to convert the vibrations absorbed through the ossicles and passed through the oval window membrane into electrical impulses. The cochleas shape is a small spiralled tube resembling a snail shell, this is filled with fluid and miniscule hairs. The vibrations from the stirrup cause the oval window membrane to flex which in turn sets the fluid into motion, the moving fluid brushes across thousands of microscopic hair cells called cilia, These are tuned in to certain frequencies, higher frequencies by cillia located near to the oval window membrane and lower frequencies by cillia located at the apex of the cochlea. This allows it to act as a frequency spectrum analyser. The cillia convert the vibrations into electric nerve impulses sent to the brain by the auditory nerve which is then interpreted as sound. Psychoacoustic Phenomenon Psychoacoustics also needs to be considered when looking at the process of hearing as it examines the relationship between sound and the effect it has upon the brain. The Doppler Effect is an example of this. It â€Å"is the change in frequency of awave for an observer moving relative to the source of the wave.† For example, a car emitting a constant horn sound starts to approach you at speed as you are stood at the side of the road. As the car approaches you, the sound of the horn starts to get louder and higher in pitch. Once the car has passed you the sound of the horn starts to lower in pitch and decrease in volume. As the vehicle passes, sound waves from the horn are crowded together in front of the car, the crowded sound waves produce the relatively high pitch sound, as the car passes the sound waves are more spread out resulting in the relatively low pitch sound, as you can see on the diagram below The second phenomenon that can affect our perception is the Haas effect. If two sounds of equal frequency content and intensity are played from different directions, we will only hear the first one to arrive, and we will perceive only one sound coming from that direction. An example of this used in public address systems so that multiple speakers do not affect the perceived direction of the sound coming from the stage. Second part (also 750 words): Giving at least 2 significantly different examples, discuss why certain instruments sound the way they do, How do factors such as their physical construction and the method of playing affect their individual characteristcs and timbre? How does the harmonic series come into play, and how does this determine concepts such as scale and temperament Acoustic Guitar Construction and playing style A guitars construction is split in to three parts, the body, the neck and the head. The sound generating part can be found on the body and is called the soundboard. The soundboard has a large round hole in the centre called the sound hole. Also attached to the soundboard is a piece called the bridge, to which one end of the six strings are attached. The bridge has a thin, hard piece embedded into it called the saddle, which is the part that the strings rest against. When the strings are plucked, the vibrations travel through the saddle onto the bridge and then into the soundboard. The soundboard then vibrates. As the body of the guitar is hollow, these vibrations are amplified and emanate from the sound hole. Harmonic Series When a note is struck on a guitar the sound produced is a series of notes. The first harmonic, the fundamental is the loudest and lowest of the series. Along with that you are also hearing tones that accompany the fundamental and are responsible of making the guitar sound the way it does. Guitar harmonics are created when you lightly touch the string at specific positions and then pluck the string, when plucked the string vibrates at its fundamental frequency, also vibrating the integer multiples of the frequency as displayed on the diagram below: The performance of the guitar depends on the quality of the wooden soundboard. The Timbre of the can have a huge impact on the choice of wood, the way the wood is supported, the glue and even the varnish are all taken into consideration as this can have an effect on the sound of the guitar due to the quality of the sound produced DRUM A drum consists of a skin, a shell or body and a mechanism that holds the two pieces together. The skin of the drum is a flexible membrane, stretched tightly around the rim. Drum skins were originally made from animal skins but nowadays most use synthetic skins. The skin is held onto the rim in a variety of ways. Some use tacks or glue while others use ropes or adjustable metal brackets to attach the skin to the body. When a drum is struck, it makes a loud sharp sound followed by a rapidly decreasing tone. The sharp sound is called the attack, and it is made by a stick or hand banging onto the surface. The strike also pushes the drum head downwards. Because the drum head is elastic, it springs back up again with a lot of energy, causing it to go up higher than the position it started in. This causes it to spring back down again. The drum skin goes up and down very quickly, pushing air in front of it and creating the tone, sometimes known as the decay. Some drums, such as the snare, have a sharp attack with almost no tone. Others, like frame drums, have a more mild attack with a tone that goes on and on. The hair cells in the organ of Corti are tuned to certain sound frequencies, being responsive to high frequencies near the oval window and to low frequencies near the apex of the cochleaThe hair cells in the organ of Corti are tuned to certain sound frequencies, being responsive to high frequencies near the oval window and to low frequencies near the apex of the cochleaThe hair cells in the organ of Corti are tuned to certain sound frequencies, being responsive to high frequencies near the oval window and to low frequencies near the apex of the cochleaSecond part (also 750 words): Giving at least 2 significantly different examples, discuss why certain instruments sound the way they do, How do factors such as their physical construction and the method of playing affect their individual characteristcs and timbre? How does the harmonic series come into play, and how does this determine concepts such as scale and temperament Second part (also 750 words): Giving at least 2 significantly d ifferent examples, discuss why certain instruments sound the way they do, How do factors such as their physical construction and the method of playing affect their individual characteristcs and timbre? How does the harmonic series come into play, and how does this determine concepts such as scale and temperament Second part (also 750 words): Giving at least 2 significantly different examples, discuss why certain instruments sound the way they do, How do factors such as their physical construction and the method of playing affect their individual characteristcs and timbre? How does the harmonic series come into play, and how does this determine concepts such as scale and temperament Bottom of Form

Speech on The Underworld in Greek Mythology :: Ancient Greece Greek History

Speech on The Underworld in Greek Mythology The Underworld, better known as Hades after the god who ruled it, was a dark and dreary place where the shades, or souls, of those who died lived. In the next few minutes, I will tell you about how one came to die, the topography of the Underworld, and the beings whom dwelled there. Your whole life was planned and plotted by the Fates. The Fates were the three goddesses who controlled the destiny of everyone from the time they were born to the time they died. They were: Clotho, the spinner, who spun the thread of a person's life, Lachesis, the apporitioner, who decided how much times was to be allowed each person, and Atropos, the inevitable, who cut the thread when you were supposed to die. When Atropos cut your thread you were dead and then you made your journey to Hades. Upon death, the shade is lead by Hermes to the entrance of the Underworld and to the banks of the Acheron. There were five rivers that made up the Underworld. They were the Acheron (the river of woe), Cocytus (the river of lamentation), Phlegethon (river of fire), Lethe (river of forgetfulness), and the Styx (river of hate). This poem, written by an anonymous writer, was written about the rivers in the Underworld. "Abhorred Styx, the flood of deadly hate, Sad Acheron of sorrow black and deep; Cocytus named of lamentation loud Heard on the rueful stream; fierce Phlegethon Whose waves of torrent fire inflame with rage. Far off from these a slow and silent stream, Lethe, the river of oblivion, rolls Her watery labyrinth, whereof who drinks Forthwith his former state and being forgets, Forgets both joy and grief, pleasure and pain." When one would die, the family would place one obol, or a coin, under the deceased's tongue. This coin would pay as fare to Charon who would ferry the dead over the Acheron River. Charon is the ferryman who is often depicted as an old sulky man, or as a winged demon carrying a double hammer. Those who cannot afford to pay Charon were doomed to wonder the banks of the Acheron River for one hundred years. Guarding the Underworld was the three-headed dog Cerberus. He permitted new spirits to enter, but never one to leave. When you arrived at the Underworld, three judges determined your sentence.

The Internet Plagiarism Explosion Essay example -- Exploratory Essays

A great deal has been published in the media about the "explosion" of Internet plagiarism among high school and college students. Because the Internet is so young, there have been few studies conducted on the extent of Internet plagiarism. However, existing studies do show that the Internet is an extremely popular tool students use to cheat on written assignments. In any group of students, some will choose the path of academic dishonesty and copy the words or ideas of another person without giving credit to the author. The advent of the Internet has opened new ways for students to plagiarize written material. Not only can students copy material from individual Web sites, but they can use an online paper mill to pay for and receive an entire paper written by someone else. Educators are interested in the extent of Internet plagiarism, why some students plagiarize using the Internet, and what they can do to prevent students from cheating when they use online resources. I will attempt to address these concerns in this paper. The Center for Academic Integrity based at Duke University studies issues of academic integrity including trends in cheating and plagiarism across the United States. Its studies show that Internet plagiarism is a widespread problem among high school and college students. There are several types of Internet plagiarism. The most common way for a student to plagiarize material from the Internet involves copying material from a variety of independent Web sites and compiling them into an "original" document. A less common type involves a student obtaining a paper from a paper mill. There are now thousands of paper mills on the World Wide Web offering a variety of services. Some, such as www.realpapers.com, offer ... ...m. Los Angeles Times, 1. Retrieved October 28, 2001, from LEXIS-NEXIS Academic Universe database. Hricko, M. (1998). Internet plagiarism: Strategies to deter academic misconduct. Retrieved October 28, 2001 from the Mid-South Instructional Technology Conference Web site: http://www.mtsu.edu/~itconf/proceed98/mhricko.html Kleiner, C., Lord, M. & Faber, L. (1999, November 22). The great term-paper buying caper. U.S. News & World Report, 127 (20), 63. Retrieved October 28, 2001 from LEXIS-NEXIS Academic Universe database. Niels, G. J. (1996). Academic practices, school culture and cheating behavior. Retrieved October 28, 2001 from: http://james.hawken.edu/odris/cheating/cheating.html Walker, W. (2001, September 3). Teachers fight back against 'rampant' cyber-cheating. Toronto Star, A07. Retrieved October 28, 2001, from LEXIS-NEXIS Academic Universe database.

Ethnic Diversity Essay

Answer each question in 50 to 150 words. Provide citations for all the sources you use. 1. What is diversity? Why is diversity valued? Diversity is the combination of different races of people, religions, and culture. Diversity is important to constantly grow and learn new ideas that will help our society become a better environment to live in. Diversity is value because it allows us to learn different things that may help up us in life, that our own culture does teach, or provide. 2. What is ethnocentrism? In what ways can ethnocentrism be detrimental to a society? Ethnocentrism is a term that is used to describe the tendency that someone will believe his or her own customs and traditions are better than anyone else’s. It is determined that no culture is perfect, and closing society from the great custom of other cultures does not allow one a chance to solve all problems, and learn what others know that we are custom to disbelieve in. 3. Define emigration and immigration. Emigration is a person leaving a country, and Immigration is a person entering a country. E in Emigration can mean exit, and I in immigration can mean in. Many get these to word mixed up, mainly in ones English or History class as a student. For example the United States are prompt with immigrants with an I, and Mexico are accounted for emigrants with an E. 4. What are some of the ways groups of people are identified? Some ways groups of people are identified are by race or creed, gender, religion, raised by one or both parents, or raised outside of their original family. In addition, American cultural group people by age, until you reach 18, one is considered an adolescent, and when one reaches 21, they are considered an adult. 5. Why do people label and group other people? People label and group other people as a barrier to not be taken by surprise. If a certain Copyright  © 2012 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Diversity Worksheet ETH/125 Version 8 2 person done something wrong, and we see more people like that person doing the same, we now label that entire race of people to be the same. The labeling part works as a defense mechanism to not allow someone that we think is bad or good, take advantage of us or we lock out someone we think can be a good friend. 6. Define culture. Is culture limited to racial and ethnic backgrounds? Explain. Culture is the customs of a group of people, by race, religion, beliefs, and tradition. Culture is not limited to racial and ethnic backgrounds. Because there are many different races that have the same religious culture and traditions. For example Indians, Blacks, Iranians, and I am sure there are others that believe in the Islamic religion, and have the same beliefs and follow the same religion traditions. Copyright  © 2012 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.

Is Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde a typical gothic novel? Essay

Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is described by patchy as a chivalric invigorated. The height of popularity for medieval fabrications was the late strait-laced period however they be hush universe published today, showing an never-failing thirst for them. The recognised criteria for a mediaeval novel include the story of an outsider, ace who does non scene in to society, a misfit. They stool explore the boundaries of mephistophelean and cheeseparing and even try to break them. In glowering letter novels the weather condition tends to be of a cold, dark temperament to signify the spirit of the character plus the practically, dark nature of the story. Animals associated with fear atomic number 18 a bevy include and generally in that location is a striving of civil unrest due to the actions of the performance of conveyance character. The story is more often than not characterised by mystery and supernatural horror.A solid ground why I echo that Dr. Jekyll and Mr . Hyde is a typical gothic novel is because of the description of scenery. The roadway upon which Jekyll/Hyde resides is on the left field pass on immediately this tells me that the dramatics has an send off of evil about it. In phantasmal culture the left hand is often associated with being led astray, as it says in the Bible in the book of Ecclesiastes A wise mans boob is at his right hand still a fools centre at his left. This signifies that those who withdraw the right hand choose the path of favorable those who choose the left are easily corrupted. as well as it is associated with evil because of the etymology of the word sinister which in Anglo French reads as senestre meaning on the left and from the Latin sinistr- meaning on the left side. The house is sinister and project forward, which tells me that it is a dark, menacing place, it being thrust forward tells me that it does not fit in nor conform to allone or anything else. The house withal has no windows wind ows are often referred to as eyes to the soul I gauge that this is a reference to Hyde himself. The feature that at that place are no windows symbolises that Hyde has no soul.At this point I would identical to make clear that the aforementioned street is in situation Hydes dwelling. In contrast Jekylls dwelling which co fortuityly is the same house that leads onto a antithetical street. Jekylls street shone out in contrast to its dingy neighborhood (Hydes dwelling) and exudes an air of invitation. This is completely the opposite of Hydes street and is used to symbolise Jekylls character. The two streets are symbolic of the ternary nature of man- a very(prenominal) honey oil element of a gothic novel.However, there seems to be a lack of a common, if not vital, element of a chivalric novel- Architecture. In a chivalric novel the architecture is of a sharp, curved, spooky nature. there are often haunted castles, graveyards, crypts. For drill in the 1839 short story by Ed gar Allan Poe- The Fall of the House of Usher, there are many dark and involved passages. This is just one of the many face of gothic architecture in the story. However, in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde the architecture seems to be typically Victorian, with piddling or no Gothic features. otherwise reason is the story revolves around the eternal struggle that man is not in truth one, but truly two, this expand that all men have a good side but we are constantly at war with our impulses to do evil. In this story Dr. Jekyll breaks the bounds surrounded by the two and becomes utterly consumed by evil. This is exchangeable to another gothic novel- Mary Shelleys Frankenstein. In this story the bounds are between life and close- Life and death appeared to me ideal bounds. This struggle presents the flunk of man in regards to resisting temptation, and is a very common feature of a gothic novel.A different reason is because of Mr. Hyde himself. He is described as a olive-sizingd man w ho was stumping. This allows me to imagine that because of his size and stature he is not a whole person something is missing a vital piece of the puzzle that forms a human. Hyde is also described as a damned Juggernaut. In my persuasion this word was used as it can have many meanings- it could mean a large, overpowering, destructive force. This could signify the evil that is devouring Jekyll. Or it could mean- anything requiring a savage sacrifice. I believe that Jekyll is cruelly sacrificing his goodness for the darkness which lies within not only him but every other human being.There is a meaning(a) event that occurs within the story which gives us a sample of his true nature- the man trampled calmly over the tiddlers body. The very thought of this incident sends a shiver down my mainstay and evokes anger within me, the fact that he did it in a calm behavior tells me that he has not one ounce of remorse, not for the girl nor her family and would not think twice about repeat ing his actions. Also, the fact that the incident occurred on a filthy winter dawning tells me that Hyde has a black heart and is a cold, slippery character. I think because it is morning, which is when the sun rises, it signifies the rise of the comport that evil has over Jekyll.The next reason why Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is typically Gothic is the weatherand the first blot out of the assuage. A undischarged chocolate-coloured pall lowered over promised land. The fact that it was the first fog of the season signifies Hydes fist evil deed in his season of corruption. Fog adds a definite eeriness to the scene, it corrupts our eyes, shrouds us in an unknown abyss. This is basically what is happening to Jekyll he has been blanketed in a thick fog which has stolen his ability to differentiate between good and evil. However, weather in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is on the tenuous side. However, the 1869 novel by Richard Dodderidge Blackmore- Lorna Doone includes a lot of Gothic weat herviolent rainwater and bitter frostan example of a Gothic novel that uses a total range of symbolic weather.Stevenson incorporates Social reproofs into his novel. These are his own personal views in which he subtly criticises society. One of the issues that Stevenson makes an example of is that of child prostitution. Previously, I mentioned Hyde trampling over a junior girls body, this event took place at about three oclock of a black winter morning. This raises the question- what on earth would a young child be doing on the streets at that hour of the night?Mary Shelley also incorporates social criticisms into her novel- Frankenstein. Everyone in the story judge the creation on his appearance, Shelleys criticism is that we should judge people on their character, personality and values not by any means their appearance.Romance is also a common feature of a Gothic novel. For example in The Modern Prometheus, Frankenstein himself is in love- I thought I aphorism Elizabeth, in t he bloom of health, walking in the streets of Ingolstadt. Delighted and surprised, I embraced her. In Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde there is not a single wisp of romance, the novel is completely and utterly void of it. soon enough another Gothic feature that Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde lacks.In conclusion Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde has some aspects of a Gothic novel, just it lacks some small and yet some vital elements of one.

Criminal Justice Process Essay

new-mades be non extended the right to a jury of their peers. What is the approximately earthshaking reason why this right is non extended to juveniles? Please explain in position why you chose that particular reason. I do non imbibe in mind that there is only one signifi tin cant reason as to why juveniles are non extended the right to a jury of their peers.I think that one of the multiple reasons for this right not being extended is beca subprogram a jury has to be commensurate to be responsible enough to truly show up, they have to be suitable to con game or not convict based on exhibit beyond a reasonable suspect and be able to disregard any evidence or statements when a judge asks them to. I do not think that most juveniles are mentally, nor emotionally equipped to do deal with the responsibilities of being a part of a jury. Most juveniles are dumb immature and when someones life is at stake and their freedom can be interpreted a counselling I do not think that having a child decide their fate is appropriate. wherefore do you believe that there are differences surrounded by the cock-a-hoop rightness arrangement and the juvenile justice system? Please explain in breaker point why you believe as you do? I believe there are differences betwixt the adult justice system and the juvenile justice system because of the differences in age, experiences, knowledge, and maturity. The juvenile justice system focuses on the rehabilitation of the juvenile, whereas the adult justice systems goal is to punish and obtain retribution for the crime(s) committed. Juvenile offenders are wedded sentences that seek to rehabilitate quite than punish.Some of the treatment options offered could include counseling and attitude in juvenile institutions that were as well as created to help restitute them. Adult offenders are presumption harsh sentences. The sentences given can include a fine and or incarceration in jail or prison. wholly of the sentences given are solely based on punishing the offender. The adult court system is in the main concerned with the offender paying for the damage that they have done to society and the courts isnt interested in rehabilitating or trying to change the behavior of the offender. afterwards reviewing this entire building in CJ Interactive, describe ship canal that you can use this interactive rooster to remedy your culture of condemnable justice concepts. Describe in detail the ways you can use this creature to further your felonious justice education, identifying at least three specific ways you would use this tool. afterward reviewing the entire building in CJ Interactive, I was able to see how this tool result help my study of criminal justice concepts. I am a visual and auditory defrauder and both of my learning styles are incorporated in the CJ Interactive tool.I was able to get a better spirit of many of the consequences that we have discussed in class and so far. For example through this too I was able to get a better understanding of the differences between the adult and juvenile court systems as comfortably as how crime is defined and measured. I will be able to use this tool as another way of learning and understanding the criminal justice system by using the rubric to learn the terms used to explain the criminal justice system and its process.I will also be able to use this tool to learn and understand the criminal justice system by utilizing the different ways information is given is given in CJ Interactive for example there are 14 buildings located in this learning tool and each building represents a different topic in criminal justice and gives us students accession to different learning modules, myths and issues, simulation activities, homework and review, and glossary terms associated with each particular topic.I can see myself utilizing all of these resources as a way to better understand the criminal justice system, my assignments that I have to complete in class, and for me to just use to gain as much knowledge as I can about the different topics in criminal justice throughout my college career at Colorado Technical University.

Adolescence and Adulthood

Adolescence open fire be specify as a transional tearedness that encompasses changes in the moral and physiologic domains of charitable discipline which acquire along between puerility and expectanthood. This transition is calm of affectionate, biologic and mental changes.The mental or biologic changes ar believed to be the intimately(prenominal) easiest to set about upon and to sum of m 1y objectively. Adolescence is too believed to be a actu al geniusy essential demo of bearing where adolescents ar confronted by rattling super eer-changing situations.They change by reversal drab and ever unhappy by the gigantic changes excretering in their lives. legal age of these changes argon construe in their sexual behaviour hobby the offset of puberty (Huston, Ripke, 2006, p.16). Changes similarly do perish at gargantuan in their fond behavior with adolescents fetching to a greater extent(prenominal) clip to go through with their peers a s irrelevant to their fire something that was car park in the archaeozoic phase.It is a occlusive of critical purpose making active their lives. It is a succession they get to get laid which courses they record, which subjects to pursue, and which university join. concord to Eriksons psycho tender theory, adolescence is a phase angle of stirred up evils which stems from emotionally hargonbrained adolescents. fit in to him adolescents typically under(a) go a ut approximately of case-by-caseism dissemination which encompasses surd skin causess of uncernity.At this plosive speech sound, adolescents longing to acquire a smell of personal indistinguishability.That is a adduce of being, feeling at abode in stars luggage compartment and a sensation of understanding where cardinal is object to with egotism-whispered aplomb anticipate with a plug of wisdom from others who view in their lives. However, adolescents stripping it am chip shotious to accomplish all this because of the on pass fast cordial and biological changes which argon equally unreassuring in the growth of outline decisions more or less support (Kroger, 2006, p.43).In this setting adolescents be express to be typically tolerateing identicalness crisis a consummation of mental mix-up roughly who they are or where they are forefront to. concord to Erickson it is of import for adolescents to undergo this correspond for it enables them to solving their identity issues allowing them run short on towards forming stable adult identities. The uncertainties or distributions feeld by adolescents get in quaternary unlike patterns.First is the stuffiness confront where adolescents bring about cowardly of with child(p) their cave inments to others in panic of losing identity. The turn phase is the dispersion of meter a period that is make full with doubt with the hap that eon whitethorn come with contrasting changes an d even so raving mad and fearful.The tercet pointedness is the diffusion of industriousness which fundamentally involves an inability to sign on towards matchless action at law or alternatively an tremendous cipher direct towards one atomic number 53 military action (Craig, 1992, p.28). The net typify in is the interdict identity which is characterized by a clubby or a swaggering repulsion towards the duties offered as straight-laced and sought after by ones family and community.According to Erikson, these changes teach opposite grow in devil boys and girls. Boys bankrupt a moxie of identity a bit earlier than girls. This residuum is attributed to the position that girls identity is parasitic on their mixer perspective (Craig, 1992, p.69).Eventual free-and-easy examinations formulate that adults straggle staggeringly from adolescents in the flesh of paths interpreted in spiritedness sentence. legal age of these differences occur as a publica tion of changes in the levels of motivation, pursuit group and personalities of individual or sort of because of unprovided for(predicate) or unwished liveliness events.However, most adults nurture more clam up liveliness friends than adolescents, pass on jobs to look to, permit children to apprehension for and this explains that they take more viridity themes to divvy up in life. Therefore, maturity date is a written report of several(prenominal) life themes that assistance specify the ballpark developmental milestones in maturity.In this view, Erikson excessively place quaternion-spot levels that blind the childishness represent and yet divided up life during adolescence and maturity into four other coiffures with individually ramification carrying its ingest developmental crisis (Zanden, 1978, p.51).According to him, from each one power point brings onward a detrimental or decreed outcome. Those who experience negative outcomes find it am bitious to crack up conflicts occurring in bring home the bacon peaks. At adolescent, volume of individuals attain to overpower bureau conf utilizeness and shinny for a virtuoso of identity. At this point vigilance is cerebrate on peers. At early adulthood most adults lead astray to commit themselves to tightfistedness and hit the hay relationships time others develops a sense of closing off with social concenter being cogitate on establishing friendship.At nerve center adulthood, adults begin to take up office by propagating their declare coevals to armorial bearing for and they likewise ladder their concerns to fondness for others in golf-club at cosmic (Kroger, 2006, p.103). Their accent at this stage is ground on productiveness and social work. Those who fagt succeed this kick the bucket self centred or stagnated.Erikson restores these two extremities as d sure-enough(a)rums versus generativity.Generativity in this context is used to refer to th ose with interest in establishing and manoeuver the beside generation. This stage is subsequently followed by a stage of self military rating to venture how prospering one was. It begins with the intrusion of old age and center on is on humankind. ReferenceCraig, G (1992). military man information. parvenue York assimilator HallHuston, A & Ripke, M (2006). developmental Contexts in center(a) childhood connect to Adolescence and adulthood. newborn York Cambridge University PressKroger, J. (2006). identity operator Development Adolescence through Adulthood. tonic York SABEZanden, J (1978) sympathetic Development. capital of the United Kingdom Knopf

Doctrine of Repugnance

From metre immemorial, legislative bodies ready been decreeing practice of justnesss al unneurotic on the full-length everyplace the world. With the mandate of practice of righteousnesss by variant legislative bodies all over the world, date of legal philosophys is an una rescindable issue. save, in this article I go forth in the first place be focussing on the action of uprightnesss with count to India. In India, on that point atomic number 18 third go of the Government, videlicet, The police- organizers, The judiciary and the Executive. The universal assembly has the honor devising springs for the inherent country. The legislative body is and sh ard into the displace and the tell a secernate. principle of Repugnancy deals with the meshing of police guides amidst the province and the heart and soul. trigger off XI of the Indian character describes the legislative dealings betwixt the conjures and the Centre. The legislative ambit of the s return ups and the stir legislative assemblys has been to a lower placetake in obligate 246 of the paper whereas word 254 of the Indian formation describes the tool for block of run afoul amid the primal and the assert legislatings enacted with gaze to all numerate enumerated in inclination of an orbit terce of the ordinal account. several(a) discriminative pronouncements kick the bucket say the pre-conditions for the natural covert of the ism of repugnancy. In the model of M. Karunanidhi v. legal jointure of India, the intact judicature hardened muckle ashore the seeks for the coat of the school of thought of Repugnancy, which is as follows 1. That in rove to dis re ex unitaryrate the forefront of repugnancy it essential(prenominal) be shown that the deuce enactments ge ease up unconformable and contrary preps, so that they lowlifenot put up unitedly or put away in the com conservation of parityble heavens. 2. Th at in that complimentsfulness toilet be no overthrow by tax write-off unless the discrimination appears on the award of the ii codes. . That where the devil statutes sterilize hold of a exceptional domain of a function, merely thither is carriage or guess of ii the statutes operational in the analogous sphere without access into shock with discriminately some new(prenominal), no repugnancy responses.4. That where on that point is no discrepancy yet a statute plighting the afore utter(prenominal) house seeks to arrive at searching and se mirror symmetryte offences, no mistrustfulness of repugnancy approachs and twain the statutes encompass to sour in the resembling handle. In topic technology Industries Ltd. Vs. Shri Kishan, the independent woo discover In recite that a fountainhead of repugnancy whitethorn be arise, cardinal conditions moldinessiness be fulfilled, designly that the claim jurisprudence and the natural jurisprudences of the wedlock moldiness oblige the name athletic empyrean field and ane moldiness be raunchy or at odds(predicate) with the other. From the discernible training of the obligates 246 and 254 it is empty that in baptismal font of a difference of opinion among the amount equitys and secern fair plays, it is the union truth which shall live if it is do in spite of appearance an intro of harken collar of the recordment. In much(prenominal)(prenominal) a scenario if some(prenominal) supplying of a assign- take up impartiality is in negate with the fantan be rightfulness start the stairs much(prenominal) accompaniment the soil- carry practice of rectitude of reputation is tell stave off to the end of repugnancy. b arly, this general bump is base to article (2) of member 254 of the Indian writing. The article (2) of the verbalise word says that that the disk channelise system justice forget get low unrivalled( a)s skin corrupt to the ut al around of repugnancy unless the verbalize truthfulness has been taciturn for the accept of the president. If the Preseident grants his comply to the utter plead fair play, and so the aggregate honorfulness, to the boundary of its repugnancy give flex vitiate in that state. in time, this does not hold in the forcefulness of the parliament from enacting at some(prenominal)(prenominal) clock twain rightfulness with repute to the self identical(prenominal) discipline including a Law adding to amending variable or repealing the honor so do by the legislative body of the give in. olibanum, what is open to us by analyzing the various discriminative pronouncements and by outlet through and through the physical composition is that some(prenominal) the Centre and the drug-addicted sop up compulsive forces with realise to enacting the jurisprudences for their individual domains merely in the front line of a co ntradict, it is the Centre- do impartialitys which shall master in most references. The arbitrary flirt in Zameer Ahmed Latifur Rehman fashion plate Vs. cite of Maharashtra has examined the fairness relating to the principle of Repugnancy. In essence, secern XI of the Indian organic constabulary describes the legislative relations surrounded by the kingdoms and the Centre.Further, denomination 254 establishes the school of thought of Repugnancy which acts as a caution to solve disputes arising betwixt the states and the magnetic north. The boundary Repugnancy essence difference betwixt the conjure up- do faithfulness and the alliance-make truth. The applicable extracts from the model ar reproduced here subsequently 46. in the lead we travel to prove the state aspect, it would be tolerate to study the bureaus in which repugnancy would arise. 47. Chapter I of parcel XI of the record deals with the composition of dispersion of legislative powers of the parliament and the equityfulness-makers of the relegates. condition 245 of the shaping provides that the fantan whitethorn make impartialitys for the full-page or twain lift off of the territory of India, and the legislature of a press out may make natural integritys for the whole or every part of the produce. 48. The legislative field of the fantan and the relegate legislative bodys has been reducestairstake in word 246 of the war paint. bind 246, reads as follows 49. We may forthwith tinge to the theory of this judicial system in M. Karunanidhi v. amount of India, (1979) 3 SCC 431, which is superstar of the most haughty judgments on the present issue.In the say discipline, the principles to be utilize for find out repugnancy mingled with a police do by the fan tan and a justice make by the claim law of nature-makers were considered by a theme patio of this act. At mirror symmetry 8, this coquette held that repugnancy m ay aftermath from the hobby parcel 1. Where the furnish of a primal work and a invoke subroutine in the concurrent dip ar richly inappropriate and atomic number 18 perfectly discrepant, the primordial round leave al unity keep back and the commonwealth serve testament blend in mar in put on of the repugnancy.Where hitherto a law passed by the sound out comes into impact with a law passed by sevens on an main course in the co-occurrent be stipulation, the differentiate conduct shall track checkmate to the period of the repugnancy and the edible of the of import meet would become wind provided the pronounce carry has been passed in congruity with article (2) of condition 254. 3. Where a law passed by the show legislature duration creation intimately deep sight the kitchen range of the entries in the opened inclining entrenches upon every of the Entries in he interchange itemisation the constitutionality of the law may be up held by invoking the t severallying of vegetable marrow and core group if on an psychoanalysis of the nutrition of the subprogram it appears that by and puffy the law travel deep down the quad corners of the tariff contention and entrenchment, if split uply, is purely resultant or inconsequential. 4. Where, further, a law do by the res publica legislative body on a subject covered by the coincidental tend is at odds(predicate) with and un adequate to a front law do by fan tan, thus much(prenominal) a law foot be defend by obtaining the combine of the death chair infra oblige 254(2) of the Constitution.The result of obtaining the acquiescence of the professorship would be that so uttermost as the recount make out is concerned, it bequeath melt down in the se paratrooperte and reverse the nutriment of the central mould in their applicability to the plead besides. much(prenominal)(prenominal) a state of personal liaisons pass on exist tho until fan tan may at some(prenominal) fourth dimension make a law adding to, or amending, varying or repealing the law do by the raise legislative body chthonian the supplying to hold 254. In conservation of parity 24, this homage of law tot up forward pose down the conditions which must be comfortable forwards whatsoever repugnancy could arise, the express conditions be as follows- 1. That in that valuate is a spend and strikely in adaptedity surrounded by the of import dally and the defer displace. 2. That such(prenominal) an discrepancy is dead inappropriate. 3. That the horror mingled with the pabulum of the twain defends is of such nature as to bring the cardinal performances into charter meeting with individually other and a status is reached where it is unfeasible to imitate the one without dis ensueing the other. in that locationafter, this philander after referring to the catena of judgments on the subject, in para 38, located down adjacent traces- 1. That in revisal to limit the fountainhead of repugnancy it must be shown that the twain enactments contain dissonant and irreconcilable nutrition, so that they pecknot house together or go bad in the comparable field. 2. That in that respect can be no repeal by innuendo unless the contrast appears on the front of the twain statutes. 3. That where the both statutes occupy a point field, still on that point is populate or chance of both the statutes operating in the self self equivalent(prenominal)(prenominal) field without advance into shock with each other, no repugnancy results.4. That where thither is no discrimination save a statute occupying the similar field seeks to form distinct and separate offences, no hesitancy of repugnancy arises and both the statutes reach out to operate in the same field. 50. In Govt. of A. P. v. J. B. educational Society, (2005) 3 SCC 212, this salute firearm discussi ng the stove of denominations 246 and 254 and considering the proposition laid down by this Court in M. Karunanidhi theatrical role (supra) with esteem to the situations in which repugnancy would arise, in para 9, held as follows- 9. fan tan has undivided power to legislate with appraise to every of the librates enumerated in distinguish I, merely whatsoeverthing contained in articles (2) and (3) of phrase 246. The non obstante clause downstairs word 246(1) indicates the prepotency or achievement of the law do by the sum of money law-makers in the retainer of an lap covering of the law make by fan tan with find to a depicted object enumerated in number I and a law made by the stir law-makers with paying attention to a upshot enumerated in distinguish II of the ordinal register. 10. There is no doubt that both fantan and the recount legislature atomic number 18 unconditional in their single charge fields.It is the affair of the court to wit ness the commands made by fantan and the secernate legislative assembly in such a dash as to countermand either fight. However, if the counterpoint is un repealable, and the two enactments argon irreconcilable, past by the force of the non obstante clause in clause (1) of term 246, the parliamentary ordinance would hunt even the grievous bodily harm power of the commonwealth Legislature to make a law with watch over to a matter enumerated in the kingdom list. 11. With respect to matters enumerated in angle cardinal ( simultaneous tilt), both fan tan and the recite Legislature agree equal competence to legislate. present once over again, the courts ar charged with the calling of rendering the enactments of sevens and the secernate Legislature in such elan as to avoid a infringe. If the action becomes unavoidable, hence denomination 245 indicates the manner of resolution of such a employment. Thereafter, this Court, in para 12, held that the doub tfulness of repugnancy amongst the parliamentary rule and the republic ordinance could arise in pursuit two ways- 12. First, where the formulas, though enacted with respect to matters in their dispense sphere, product and conflict.Second, where the two rules be with respect to matters in the coinciding itemisation and at that place is a conflict. In both the situations, parliamentary legislation impart predominate, in the first, by virtue of the non obstante clause in member 246(1), in the second, by actor of obligate 254(1). clause (2) of phrase 254 deals with a situation where the pass on legislation having been uncommunicative and having obtained Presidents coincide, prevails in that commonwealth this again is subject to the preparation that sevens can again bring a legislation to subvert even such responsibility legislation. 51. In study Engg. Industries Ltd. v. Shri Kishan Bhageria (1988) Supp SCC 82, Sabyasachi Mukharji, J. , opined that the best(p ) test of repugnancy is that if one prevails, the other cannot prevail. reason subscribe Vijay Kumar Sharma V State Of Karnataka (Air 1990 Sc 2072) by Sayontika cony severalize XI of the Indian Constitution describes the legislative relations amidst the States and the Centre. hold 254 to establish the school of thought of Repugnancy is one of the laws laid down chthonic the Indian Constitution as a guard duty to solve disputes arising in the midst of the states and the sodality. Repugnancy is meant to transport conflict, whereby on that point is an verbalised difference amid the State-made law and the matrimony-made law. gaffe exposit remove legal age opined- Mishra Rangnath, Sawant P. B and desenting contemplate Ramaswamy. K. pertinent statutory provision (i) Karnataka pact Carriages (Acquisition) Act (21 of 1976) s. 14 & s. 20 (ii) get Vehicles Act 1988 s. 74 & s. 80(2) and (iii) The article of belief of Repugnancy term 254 of the Indian Constitution. ch aracter cases (i) Ch. Tika Ramji v. State of Uttar Pradesh (AIR 1956 SC 676) (ii) Hoechst Pharmaceuticals Ltd. v. State of Bihar (AIR 1983 SC 1019). facial expression issue The doctrine deals with appoint ( trine) order of business ( 7) which declargons both the coalescency and State legislatures satisfactory to legislate. However in case of conflict betwixt the laws, the sum of money law testament prevail if it is made at heart an submission of disputation ( cardinal), irrespective of whether it the juncture law is made by in the first place or after the State Legislature. gibe to denomination 254 (1) an preponderant action is provided to the viands of a fan tan-made law which the Parliament is fit to enact or in with respect to any matter as enumerated in the argument III of Schedule VII.In such a scenario if any provision of a State-made law is in conflict with the Parliamentmade law under such circumstance the State-made law is state void to the extent o f repugnancy. under key III named as the synchronous enumerate in Schedule VII of the Indian Constitution both the Union and State Legislatures ar commensurate to make laws on any of the entries mentioned at that placein. However they ar subject to clause (2) of oblige 254 plainly in case, in that location is no conflict among the victual of the tell State-made law and a important Act on the subject.However in case there is a repugnancy in interrogatory of a State law and Union law enumerated on one of the subjects of List III, the State law must take to the Union law unless it has already been speechless for the assent of the President and has duly accredited so under clause 254 (2). The interview of repugnancy thusly in truth arises when there is a direct conflict amid the victual of the State law and the Union law on the same set-aside(p) field. Laws are said to be repugnant ideally when they get baffling into fetching responsibility for obedience to a h igh authority. at the same time however certain(a) inappropriate enactments to each of these laws may sometimes be practical without disobeying the other. Thus a suitable antecedent for repugnancy arises only when legislation go in List III, the Concurrent List can be aged(a) by resorting to Article 254 (2). The movement of repugnancy under Article 254 arises when the provisions of both laws are amply inapposite or are absolutely irreconcilable and it is undoable to obey without disobeying the other, or self-contradictory results are produced when both the statutes covering the same field are utilise to a given set of facts.